Fungal Diseases: Fungi can cause diseases in plants, such as powdery mildew, rust, and blight. Fungicides and proper sanitation practices are often employed for management.
Bacterial Diseases: Bacterial pathogens can lead to diseases like bacterial leaf spot and cankers. Copper-based compounds and antibiotic treatments are utilized for control.
Viral Infections: Viruses, transmitted by vectors like insects, cause diseases such as mosaic viruses. Control involves vector management and, in some cases, removal of infected plants.
Nematode Damage: Plant-parasitic nematodes can affect root health, causing stunted growth. Nematicides and resistant plant varieties are strategies for management.
Insect Pests: Insects like aphids, beetles, and caterpillars can damage plants by feeding on foliage. Insecticides, biological control methods, and companion planting help manage pest populations.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM): IPM involves a holistic approach, combining cultural, biological, and chemical control methods to minimize the impact of pests on plant health.
Crop Rotation: Rotating crops helps break pest life cycles and reduces the buildup of soil-borne diseases and pests.
Resistant Plant Varieties: Planting resistant varieties that can withstand specific diseases or pests is an effective strategy in integrated pest management.